What is ADHD?
ADHD is a complex disorder affecting millions. It's more than just lack of focus or excess energy - it's a condition that profoundly impacts daily life. Let's dive deeper into ADHD.
Main Symptoms of ADHD
ADHD symptoms fall into three main categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can vary from person to person and may change depending on the situation.
| Symptom Type | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Inattention |
- Often makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or job tasks
- Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play
- Fails to follow through on instructions and finish tasks
|
| Hyperactivity |
- Fidgets with hands or feet, squirms in seat
- Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is
expected
- Runs about or climbs excessively in inappropriate
situations
|
| Impulsivity |
- Blurts out answers before questions have been completed
- Has difficulty waiting turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others
|
Causes of ADHD
ADHD is primarily linked to an imbalance in brain neurotransmitters. Chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine, which regulate attention and behavior, are often out of balance in individuals with ADHD. Other factors that may contribute to ADHD include brain structure and function changes, brain injuries, acquired illnesses, and premature birth.
Prevalence and Impact of ADHD
ADHD affects approximately 6-9% of children, with 60-80% of these cases persisting into adolescence. About 50% of individuals continue to show ADHD symptoms into adulthood. The disorder can lead to academic underachievement, social relationship problems, and low self-esteem.
ADHD and Co-occurring Conditions
People with ADHD often experience co-occurring conditions such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and sleep disorders. Anxiety and major depressive disorder are particularly common, and restless leg syndrome is also frequently observed. These co-occurring conditions can exacerbate ADHD symptoms.
Treatment and Management of ADHD
ADHD treatment typically involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. Medications like methylphenidate and atomoxetine are commonly prescribed, while behavioral therapy is particularly effective for children with ADHD. It's crucial for individuals with ADHD to develop self-control skills and improve their step-by-step problem-solving abilities.